Pagmama, or betel nut chewing, is a traditional practice in the rural areas of Valderrama, Panay, and neighboring provinces. This is commonly practiced by elders and younger generations who imitate the practice. The process involves preparing ingredients such as betel nut, apog (lime), tobacco, and buyo leaves, which are then chewed together to produce a red-colored saliva. This practice is known to serve various purposes, including socialization, stress relief, and as a folk remedy for ailments like toothaches and stomachaches. Despite its perceived health benefits, the practice is becoming less popular among the younger generation due to concerns over aesthetics, ...